DIRECT AND INDIRECT IMPACTS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON LIFE EXPECTANCY AND PERSON-YEARS OF LIFE LOST WITH AND WITHOUT DISABILITY: A SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS FOR 18 EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, 2020-2022.

BackgroundThe direct and indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on life expectancy (LE) and years of life lost with and without disability remain unclear.Accounting for pre-pandemic trends in morbidity and mortality, we assessed these impacts in 18 European countries, for the years 2020-2022.Methods and findingsWe used multi-state Markov modelin

The moderate activation of T cells in mammals requires the costimulatory molecules, CD80 and CD86, on antigen-presenting cells to interact with their respective T cell receptors, CD28 and CD152 (CTLA-4), to promote costimulatory signals.In contrast, teleost fish (except salmonids) only possess CD80/86 as their sole primordial costimulatory molecule

Single event effects (SEEs) in ground level and avionic applications are mainly induced by neutrons and protons, of which the relative contribution of the latter is larger with increasing altitude.Currently, there are two main applicable standards—JEDEC JESD89A for ground level and IEC 62396 for avionics—that address the procedure for t

Principle of legality and legal certainty, as key notions even of the thinnest concept of rule of law, are largely endangered in our times by widening of judicial discretion range.That trend is more MIXED SETS and more at hand in European states as well, due to convergence of common law and civil law legal systems.Judicial decision acquires higher

Abstract The role of the fungal mitochondria goes far beyond energy metabolism.The genomes of 318 Aspergillus fumigatus clinical and environmental isolates from different geographic origins were analyzed aiming to study the mitochondrial sequences from populations sensitive and resistant to azoles.Our results show that A.fumigatus mitogenomic seque